A deep technical guide to how modern AI really works—from neural networks and transformers to RAG, embeddings, reasoning ...
Despite the rapid adoption of LLM chatbots, little is known about how they are used. We document the growth of ChatGPT’s consumer product from its launch in November 2022 through July 2025, when it ...
Abstract: Multiple low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have recently been launched in constellations to ensure direct Internet access to users anywhere and at any time. Due to the high-speed mobility of ...