Definition: A microarray is a small, flat substrate carrying an ordered grid of microscopic probe features, each containing a known biological molecule, that is used to measure many molecular targets ...

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fundamental molecular biology tool that scientists use to amplify and analyze genetic material, such as DNA and RNA. PCR involves the enzymatic amplification of ...

The late 1980s were heady days for molecular biologists. PCR was only a few years old. The automated DNA sequencer had just been invented. The Human Genome Project was being debated in Congress.

Definition: DNA amplification is the laboratory process of making many copies of a selected DNA sequence from a very small starting amount. It allows DNA that would otherwise be too scarce to detect ...

The human genome project was undertaken to determine the human DNA sequence and analyze variation among individuals. To make use of this information, tools were developed that could collect and ...